🔢 Multi-Digit Multiplication
Multiply by the ones, then the tens, and add the partial products
▶ Play Door 2Multiplying 2-Digit & 3-Digit Numbers
To multiply by a 2-digit number, multiply by the ones, then by the tens (remember the tens give a number ending in 0), and add the two partial products.
Example: 23 × 12 → 23 × 2 = 46, and 23 × 10 = 230; 46 + 230 = 276.
Worked example
Problem: Multiply 123 × 4.
- 4 × 123 = 492.
Answer: 4 × 123 = 492.
Estimating & Word Problems
Estimate a product by rounding each number first — useful to check your answer is sensible. In word problems, 'each', 'per', 'rows of' and 'times' mean multiply.
Worked example
Problem: A box has 24 pens. How many in 15 boxes?
- 24 × 15 = 360 pens.
Answer: 24 × 15 = 360 pens.